substitute: n.1.代替者[物]，代用品；候补员；后补选手；收入(数)。2.【语法】代用词[语]。3.【矿物】转接器，短节。短语和例子There's no substitute for parents. 父母亲是没有别人可以代替的。vt.以…代替，用…代替(for)；【化学】取代。 substitute A for B. 用A代B。 substitute margarine for b
In order to resolve this problem , cobalt was dealt with acid and chemical substitute . after chemical pretreatment , the surface of the substrate was roughened with lots of tiny grooves and fine holes 本研究将经过酸洗法和化学反应替代法不同的去钴处理，使钴与反应液发生化学反应，达到去除钴的目的。
